This article is an extended write-up of the Lecture presented by Dr. Cornelia M. Wilson at our “RESEARCH SKILLS DEVELEOPMENT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ONLINE 2022 – Saturday 6^th August 2022“

About Author:

Dr. Cornelia M. Wilson

Senior Lecturer and Academic Laboratory Director

1. School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Discovery Park, Sandwich, United Kingdom.

2. University of Liverpool, Institute of Translation Medicine, Dept of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, United Kingdom

3. Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia.

Download the original PowerPoint presentation by clicking below:

Contents

The scientific process

Planning the research project

Where to start on the project proposal?

The proposal (research questions/aims, methodology, resources, data analysis, expected outcomes)

Research planning versus Research Methodology

Data: The Relationship to Design and Methodology – What is Data?

Timelines

Examples of research proposals

What is CDIO?

Summary

The Scientific Process

Planning the research project

Successful research is a well planned research

Not achieving your aim/goals due to partial thought-out plan and inconclusive design

Research requires a conceptualisation of overall organisation and detailed plan

Therefore, the plan should be precisely detailed.

A general strategy = research design (RD)

RD provides

Overall structure for the procedures

The data the researcher collects

The data analyses the researcher conducts

Must plan the overall design carefully to be successful

Wasted effort if half-prepared (vague ideas)

Must identify RESOURCES, PROCEDURES, and DATA always with the goal from the very beginning

Where to start on the project proposal?

Reading is essential

This will help you understand more of the field of topic

Search the literature for papers (use PUBMED, Google Scholar etc.)

Use keywords on your topic

Extend these key words

Talk to lab members and your colleagues etc.

The proposal

Topic

The topic of your research

Research Questions

List no more than four research questions including the null hypotheses

Importance

Explain why the research is important

Literature

Identify at least three broad areas of primary research literature which you intend to consult. For each area (a) explain how it relates to your research questions, and (b) provide no more than two key references.

Metholodogy

Describe (a) the research approach which you intend to employ, (b) how this will be translated into data collection or source consulation, and (c) how it is an appropriate means for addressing the research questions.

Data analysis

Describe what type of statistical analysis you will use to analyse your data (tests, software etc..)

Risk assessments

Do you have these in place?

Research planning versus Research Methodology

Who are willing to participate?

Do we have the equipment?

If so, do we have the technical skills to use it?

Are we able to interpret the findings?

Do we know how to draw conclusion?

It must be a practical research – something that we must be able to handle.

Data: The Relationship to Design and Methodology

Without the facts (data), inductive reasoning vanishes and scientific method collapses

The lifeblood of research

Data is a Latin verb dare, meaning “to give” – give information, impression or other factual data to an observer

Facts from Latin word facere, meaning “to make” – what the situation makes or manifests to the observer.

What is Data?

Data is the manifestation of the truth rather than the truth itself – no one has ever looked upon truth itself – pure, undisguised, naked Truth

Data are merely representative, intermediate, elusive surrogate of Truth – reflects Truth as a mirror which reflects sunlight

Researchers are like those who live in a dungeon seeing a beam of sunlight passes across the floor and get the idea of what the sun must be like

What are Data?

Factual dungeon – never be able to see the original source of the data

Research seeks, through data, what is true absolutely – the complete meaning of the data

Experienced researchers are constantly aware that the ultimate goal of research (Truth) is forever just beyond what is represented by the data, and hence, just beyond human grasp

Timeline

Consider (conservatively) how long each stage in the project will take.

Be realistic of your goals

Create a Gantt Chart

What is CDIO?

Concieved for engineers by Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the late 1990s.

In 2000, MIT in collaboration with three Swedish universities — Chalmers University of Technology, Linköping University and the Royal Institute of Technology — formally founded the CDIO Initiative

The CDIO revised syllabus consists of four parts:

Disciplinary knowledge and reasoning

Personal and professional skills and attributes

Interpersonal skills: teamwork and communication

Conceiving, designing, implementing, and operating systems in the enterprise, societal, and environmental context

Summary

Also read: Organic Farming: A Solution for Reducing Pesticide Residues in Food

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